For the purpose of this part, the following terms are defined:
(a) The term waters of the United States and all other terms relating to the geographic scope of jurisdiction are defined at 33 CFR part 328.
(b) The term lake means a standing body of open water that occurs in a natural depression fed by one or more streams from which a stream may flow, that occurs due to the widening or natural blockage or cutoff of a river or stream, or that occurs in an isolated natural depression that is not a part of a surface river or stream. The term also includes a standing body of open water created by artificially blocking or restricting the flow of a river, stream, or tidal area. As used in this regulation, the term does not include artificial lakes or ponds created by excavating and/or diking dry land to collect and retain water for such purposes as stock watering, irrigation, settling basins, cooling, or rice growing.
We can use this type alias to make sure reducers work correctly. Typing Redux state immutability. Redux state is meant to be immutable: creating a new state object instead of changing properties on a single object. You can also pay for a Flow account if you plan to use more than the free account allows. There are three pricing plans: Flow Free: The free plan lets you create unlimited flows, but you only get 750 runs per month and checks happen every 15 minutes. Flow Plan 1: This plan runs $5 per month. State uniform traffic control chapter 317: off-highway vehicle titling chapter 318: disposition of traffic infractions chapter 319: title certificates chapter 320: motor vehicle licenses chapter 321: highway patrol chapter 322: driver licenses chapter 323: wrecker operators chapter 324: financial responsibility title xxiv: vessels: ch.326-328. Flow State Trigger 1: Eliminate All External Distractions. It's been proven by research that in order to reach flow state, you must eliminate all external distractions. Every time you get pulled. These terms describe a neurochemically induced state of consciousness known as 'flow.' With roots in positive psychology, flow creates a five fold increase in productivity, a seven fold increase in innovation and creativity, and reduces burnout to ZERO! And, it's available to anyone. All things are possible in flow.
(c) The term dredged material means material that is excavated or dredged from waters of the United States.
(d)
(1) Except as provided below in paragraph (d)(2), the term discharge of dredged material means any addition of dredged material into, including redeposit of dredged material other than incidential fallback within, the waters of the United States. The term includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(i) The addition of dredged material to a specified discharge site located in waters of the United States;
(ii) The runoff or overflow from a contained land or water disposal area; and
(iii) Any addition, including redeposit other than incidential fallback, of dredged material, including excavated material, into waters of the United States which is incidental to any activity, including mechanized landclearing, ditching, channelization, or other excavation. Acorn 6 0 1 – bitmap image editor.
(2) The term discharge of dredged material does not include the following:
(i) Discharges of pollutants into waters of the United States resulting from the onshore subsequent processing of dredged material that is extracted for any commercial use (other than fill). These discharges are subject to section 402 of the Clean Water Act even though the extraction and deposit of such material may require a permit from the Corps or applicable State section 404 program.
(ii) Activities that involve only the cutting or removing of vegetation above the ground (e.g., mowing, rotary cutting, and chainsawing) where the activity neither substantially disturbs the root system nor involves mechanized pushing, dragging, or other similar activities that redeposit excavated soil material.
(iii) Incidental fallback.
(3) Section 404 authorization is not required for the following:
(i) Any incidental addition, including redeposit, of dredged material associated with any activity that does not have or would not have the effect of destroying or degrading an area of waters of the United States as defined in paragraphs (d)(4) and (d)(5) of this section; however, this exception does not apply to any person preparing to undertake mechanized landclearing, ditching, channelization and other excavation activity in a water of the United States, which would result in a redeposit of dredged material, unless the person demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Corps, or EPA as appropriate, prior to commencing the activity involving the discharge, that the activity would not have the effect of destroying or degrading any area of waters of the United States, as defined in paragraphs (d)(4) and (d)(5) of this section. The person proposing to undertake mechanized landclearing, ditching, channelization or other excavation activity bears the burden of demonstrating that such activity would not destroy or degrade any area of waters of the United States.
(ii) Incidental movement of dredged material occurring during normal dredging operations, defined as dredging for navigation in navigable waters of the United States, as that term is defined in part 329 of this chapter, with proper authorization from the Congress and/or the Corps pursuant to part 322 of this Chapter; however, this exception is not applicable to dredging activities in wetlands, as that term is defined at section 328.3 of this Chapter.
(iii) Certain discharges, such as those associated with normal farming, silviculture, and ranching activities, are not prohibited by or otherwise subject to regulation under section 404. See 33 CFR 323.4 for discharges that do not required permits.
(4) For purposes of this section, an activity associated with a discharge of dredged material destroys an area of waters of the United States if it alters the area in such a way that it would no longer be a water of the United States.
Unauthorized discharges into waters of the United States do not eliminate Clean Water Act jurisdiction, even where such unauthorized discharges have the effect of destroying waters of the United States.
(5) For purposes of this section, an activity associated with a discharge of dredged material degrades an area of waters of the United States if it has more than a de minimis (i.e., inconsequential) effect on the area by causing an identifiable individual or cumulative adverse effect on any aquatic function.
(e)
(1) Except as specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, the term fill material means material placed in waters of the United States where the material has the effect of:
(i) Replacing any portion of a water of the United States with dry land; or
(ii) Changing the bottom elevation of any portion of a water of the United States.
(2) Examples of such fill material include, but are not limited to: rock, sand, soil, clay, plastics, construction debris, wood chips, overburden from mining or other excavation activities, and materials used to create any structure or infrastructure in the waters of the United States. Free tv on pc software full download.
(3) The term fill material does not include trash or garbage.
(f) The term discharge of fill material means the addition of fill material into waters of the United States. The term generally includes, without limitation, the following activities: Placement of fill that is necessary for the construction of any structure or infrastructure in a water of the United States; the building of any structure, infrastructure, or impoundment requiring rock, sand, dirt, or other material for its construction; site-development fills for recreational, industrial, commercial, residential, or other uses; causeways or road fills; dams and dikes; artificial islands; property protection and/or reclamation devices such as riprap, groins, seawalls, breakwaters, and revetments; beach nourishment; levees; fill for structures such as sewage treatment facilities, intake and outfall pipes associated with power plants and subaqueous utility lines; placement of fill material for construction or maintenance of any liner, berm, or other infrastructure associated with solid waste landfills; placement of overburden, slurry, or tailings or similar mining-related materials; and artificial reefs. The term does not include plowing, cultivating, seeding and harvesting for the production of food, fiber, and forest products (See § 323.4 for the definition of these terms). See § 323.3(c) concerning the regulation of the placement of pilings in waters of the United States.
(g) The term individual permit means a Department of the Army authorization that is issued following a case-by-case evaluation of a specific project involving the proposed discharge(s) in accordance with the procedures of this part and 33 CFR part 325 and a determination that the proposed discharge is in the public interest pursuant to 33 CFR part 320.
(h) The term general permit means a Department of the Army authorization that is issued on a nationwide or regional basis for a category or categories of activities when: Serial box 05 2016 download free.
(1) Those activities are substantially similar in nature and cause only minimal individual and cumulative environmental impacts; or
(2) The general permit would result in avoiding unnecessary duplication of regulatory control exercised by another Federal, State, or local agency provided it has been determined that the environmental consequences of the action are individually and cumulatively minimal. (See 33 CFR 325.2(e) and 33 CFR part 330.)
ITU-T Recommendation Q.931 is the ITU standard ISDN connection control signallingprotocol, forming part of Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 1.[1] Unlike connectionless systems like UDP, ISDN is connection oriented and uses explicit signalling to manage call state: Q.931. Q.931 typically does not carry user data. Q.931 does not have a direct equivalent in the Internet Protocol stack, but can be compared to SIP. Q.931 does not provide flow control or perform retransmission, since the underlying layers are assumed to be reliable and the circuit-oriented nature of ISDN allocates bandwidth in fixed increments of 64 kbit/s. Amongst other things, Q.931 manages connection setup and breakdown. Like TCP, Q.931 documents both the protocol itself and a protocol state machine.
Q.931 was designed for ISDN call establishment, maintenance, and release of network connections between two DTEs on the ISDN D channel. Q.931 has more recently been used as part of the VoIPH.323 protocol stack (see H.225.0) and in modified form in some mobile phone transmission systems[2] and in ATM.
A Q.931 frame contains the following elements:
- Protocol discriminator (PD) – Specifies which signaling protocol is used for the connection (e.g. PD=8 for DSS1)
- Call reference value (CR) – Addresses different connections which can exist simultaneously. The value is valid only during the actual time period of the connection
- Message type (MT) – Specifies the type of a layer 3 message out of the Q.931-defined Message type set for call control (e.g. SETUP). There are messages defined for the call setup, the call release and the control of call features.
- Information elements (IE) – Specify further information which is associated to the actual message. An IE contains the IE name (e.g. bearer capability), their length and a variable field of contents.
Message examples[edit]
Messages typically control or report the status of connections. For example:
- SETUP (indicating the establishment of a connection)
- CALL PROCEEDING (indicating that the call is being processed by the destination terminal)
- ALERTING (tells the calling party that the destination terminal is ringing)
- CONNECT (sent back to the calling party indicating that the intended destination has answered the call)
- DISCONNECT (sent to indicate a request to terminate the connection, by the end that seeks to terminate)
- RELEASE (sent in response to the disconnect request indicating that the call is to be terminated).
- RELEASE COMPLETE (sent by the receiver of the release to complete the handshake).
- RESTART (Reset D Channel to idle)
Disconnect causes[edit]
Hex | Decimal | Cause |
---|---|---|
0x1 | 1 | Unallocated or unassigned number |
0x2 | 2 | No route to specified transit network (Transit Network Identity) |
0x3 | 3 | No route to destination |
0x4 | 4 | Send special information tone |
0x5 | 5 | Misdialled trunk prefix |
0x6 | 6 | Channel unacceptable |
0x7 | 7 | Call awarded and being delivered in an established channel |
0x8 | 8 | Prefix 0 dialed but not allowed |
0x9 | 9 | Prefix 1 dialed but not allowed |
0xA | 10 | Prefix 1 not dialed but required |
0xB | 11 | More digits received than allowed, call is proceeding |
0x10 | 16 | Normal call clearing |
0x11 | 17 | User busy |
0x12 | 18 | No user responding |
0x13 | 19 | T.301 expired: – User Alerted, No answer from user |
0x15 | 21 | Call rejected |
0x16 | 22 | Number changed to number in diagnostic field. |
0x17 | 23 | Reverse charging rejected |
0x18 | 24 | Call suspended |
0x19 | 25 | Call resumed |
0x1A | 26 | Non-selected user clearing |
0x1B | 27 | Destination out of order |
0x1C | 28 | Invalid number format or incomplete address |
0x1D | 29 | EKTS facility rejected by network |
0x1E | 30 | Response to STATUS ENQUIRY |
0x1F | 31 | Normal, unspecified |
0x21 | 33 | Circuit out of order |
0x22 | 34 | No circuit/channel available |
0x23 | 35 | Destination unattainable |
0x24 | 36 | Out of order |
0x25 | 37 | Degraded service |
0x26 | 38 | Network out of order |
0x27 | 39 | Transit delay range cannot be achieved |
0x28 | 40 | Throughput range cannot be achieved |
0x29 | 41 | Temporary failure |
0x2A | 42 | Switching equipment congestion |
0x2B | 43 | Access information discarded |
0x2C | 44 | Requested circuit channel not available |
0x2D | 45 | Preempted |
0x2E | 46 | Precedence call blocked |
0x2F | 47 | Resource unavailable, unspecified |
0x31 | 49 | Quality of service unavailable |
0x32 | 50 | Requested facility not subscribed |
0x33 | 51 | Reverse charging not allowed |
0x34 | 52 | Outgoing calls barred |
0x35 | 53 | Outgoing calls barred within CUG |
0x36 | 54 | Incoming calls barred |
0x37 | 55 | Incoming calls barred within CUG |
0x38 | 56 | Call waiting not subscribed |
0x39 | 57 | Bearer capability not authorized |
0x3A | 58 | Bearer capability not presently available |
0x3F | 63 | Service or option not available, unspecified |
0x41 | 65 | Bearer service not implemented |
0x42 | 66 | Channel type not implemented |
0x43 | 67 | Transit network selection not implemented |
0x44 | 68 | Message not implemented |
0x45 | 69 | Requested facility not implemented |
0x46 | 70 | Only restricted digital information bearer capability is available |
0x4F | 79 | Service or option not implemented, unspecified |
0x51 | 81 | Invalid call reference value |
0x52 | 82 | Identified channel does not exist |
0x53 | 83 | A suspended call exists, but this call identity does not |
0x54 | 84 | Call identity in use |
0x55 | 85 | No call suspended |
0x56 | 86 | Call having the requested call identity has been cleared |
0x57 | 87 | Called user not member of CUG |
0x58 | 88 | Incompatible destination |
0x59 | 89 | Non-existent abbreviated address entry |
0x5A | 90 | Destination address missing, and direct call not subscribed |
0x5B | 91 | Invalid transit network selection (national use) |
0x5C | 92 | Invalid facility parameter 93 Mandatory information element is missing |
0x5D | 93 | Message type non-existent or not implemented |
0x5F | 95 | Invalid message, unspecified |
0x60 | 96 | Mandatory information element is missing |
0x61 | 97 | Message type non-existent or not implemented |
0x62 | 98 | Message not compatible with call state or message type non-existent or not implemented |
0x63 | 99 | Information element nonexistent or not implemented |
0x64 | 100 | Invalid information element contents |
0x65 | 101 | Message not compatible with call state |
0x66 | 102 | Recovery on timer expiry |
0x67 | 103 | Parameter non-existent or not implemented – passed on |
0x6F | 111 | Protocol error, unspecified |
0x7F | 127 | Internetworking, unspecified |
0x80+ | 128 or higher | Proprietary diagnostic code (not necessarily bad). Typically used to pass proprietary control or maintenance messages between multiplexers. |
Q.2931[edit]
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Q.2931[3] is a modified and extended variant of Q.931 for use on 'B-ISDN' or ATM networks. Q.2931 fulfils a purpose within BISDN similar to that of Q.931 in ISDN. Whilst ISDN allocates bandwidth in fixed 64k increments, B-ISDN/ATM incorporates an elaborate traffic management scheme, allowing precise specification of virtual circuit traffic parameters such as peak and mean bandwidth, jitter, cell loss ratio and so on. In order that ATM switches can manage bandwidth allocation in the network, encodings to express these parameters were added in Q.2931.[4]
Unlike Q.931, although Q.2931 was implemented by many switch manufacturers, it was never widely deployed. Byword 2 9 12.
References[edit]
- ^ITU-T Recommendation Q.931 Digital subscriber Signalling System No. 1: ISDN user-network interface layer 3 specification for basic call control
- ^such as in GSM, where it is used for circuit switched call control between UE and MSC
- ^ITU-T Recommendation Q.2931 Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 2 – User-Network Interface (UNI) layer 3 specification for basic call/connection control
- ^for example, see the Extended Quality of Service or eQoS Information Element, which can indicate many quality of service parameters'